On May 27 local time, the 2025 Sustainable Infrastructure Development Seminar was held in Cape Town, South Africa. As President Ramaphosa was preparing to deliver his speech, the lights at the scene began to dim. President Ramaphosa jokingly said that this reminded him of the time on May 21 when he met with Trump and Trump requested that the lights in the Oval Office of the White House be dimmed. At that time, Trump used a video filled with erroneous statements about "genocide against whites in South Africa" and some news reports to launch an ambush on President Ramaphosa. However, President Ramaphosa was not concerned about this ambush and continued to push forward with relevant agendas. Regarding the results of this diplomatic event, on the local time of the 26th, President Ramaphosa delivered a written speech to the South African people, confirming that the US would participate in the G20 Leaders' Summit to be held in South Africa in November this year. President Ramaphosa said that US President Trump expressed that the US would continue to play a key role in the G20, and therefore, the US would participate in the G20 Leaders' Summit to be held in Johannesburg in November this year. At the summit, South Africa will hand over the G20 Presidency to the United States. Clearly, in this diplomatic struggle, President Ramaphosa achieved victory, ensuring that the US side would not boycott this G20 summit. Regarding this round of diplomatic风波, Observer Network interviewed Buthani Ngqaweni, a senior researcher at the University of Johannesburg in South Africa, asking him to analyze the origin and behind-the-scenes stories of this diplomatic风波 from the perspective of a South African scholar. [Written by Buthani Ngqaweni, translated and edited by Tang Xiaofu] Observer Network: How do you view Trump's racial remarks this time? Why did Trump suddenly make such an offensive remark in such a setting? Buthani Ngqaweni: Compared to President Trump's radical style, I prefer to focus on the dialogue style demonstrated by the South African delegation led by President Ramaphosa. They have never avoided the complex realities of our country and engaged in dialogue with honesty, transparency, and humility. In response to accusations, the delegation did not reply with confrontation or rebuttal but clarified the facts in a calm manner. Under the wise leadership of President Ramaphosa, this diplomatic approach played a crucial role in achieving constructive results in US-South Africa relations. It is worth pointing out that the narrative of "white genocide in South Africa" has been widely refuted by many authoritative media outlets and journalists. Some of the pictures and videos that President Trump used as evidence actually originated from other parts of Africa. We are also aware that the reality of South Africa is often distorted in external reports. Standing on the shoulders of great figures like Nelson Mandela and Oliver Tambo, South Africa's democratic system was forged in the anti-apartheid struggle and still enjoys support from American politicians, millions of American citizens, and people around the world. We will always defend the freedom and dignity they fought for and never return to that difficult past. An image with the URL "https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-axegupay5k/487bfef73005422596d32e345a52a199~tplv-tt-origin-web:gif.jpeg?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1749197953&x-signature=B649naU3TsvBHLJHpJqIoCju2%2Fk%3D" was inserted here. Video screenshot from May 21, when President Ramaphosa denied the accusation of "genocide against whites in South Africa" made by Trump. Observer Network: Can you tell us about the relationship between modern white and black people in South Africa? What notable progress has been made in ethnic integration in modern South Africa? Is it true as Trump claims? Buthani Ngqaweni: The history of South Africa is extremely complex and full of profound injustices. Apartheid left deep scars and severe domestic inequality in South Africa, and addressing these issues remains one of our most pressing challenges. However, if we only focus on South Africa's painful history when discussing modern South Africa, the world would overlook the extraordinary journey this country has undergone since 1994. The relationship between white and black people in South Africa, although deeply influenced by South Africa's history, is also advancing social development through long-term cooperation and striving to build a more just society. Today, social cohesion in South Africa is not only a social ideal but has partially become a reality and is one of the core pillars of government policy. The South African government has deliberately designed inclusive educational policies, economic transformation policies, and community construction policies aimed at bridging historical divides and fostering a shared national identity. I believe that any country with a history similar to South Africa cannot expect the road to national reconciliation to be smooth or perfect. However, South Africa has made significant progress in ethnic reconciliation. Today, channels for ethnic reconciliation dialogues in South Africa remain open, and reconciliation efforts continue to advance. Although South Africa, like any society, faces inherent contradictions and conflicts, we are conducting in-depth and practical work to promote unity. Moreover, our constitution is one of the most progressive constitutions in the world, serving as a moral guide leading us toward reconciliation. For example, the South African Constitution recognizes eleven official languages, including Afrikaans used by many white Afrikaner communities, and respects minority languages such as German, Hindi, and Portuguese. I believe that South Africa is among the few, if not the only, countries in the world to formally recognize linguistic diversity in such a detailed and complex way. This subtle yet intricate reality reflects the daily lives and work of millions of South Africans. Although inequality still exists, we are still advancing a hopeful, resilient, and continuous process of racial reconciliation. Observer Network: Previously, South Africa has consistently supported the Palestinian resistance movement, condemned Israel's racial discrimination, and brought Israel before the International Court of Justice. Considering that the Trump administration is currently clearing accounts domestically regarding people who support Palestine in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, could this experience also be one of the important reasons why Trump attacked South Africa? What do you think about the differences between South Africa and the Trump administration on this issue? Buthani Ngqaweni: South Africa's support for the Palestinian people is based on our own historical memory and experiences of freedom. This history gives us a moral and constitutional obligation to speak out whenever injustice occurs. Our stance focuses on upholding universal human rights and international law, based on universal principles, and is non-confrontational. South Africa's actions to hold accountable through institutions like the International Court reflect our consistent pursuit of multilateralism, the principles embodied in the UN Charter, and various human rights conventions. It is worth emphasizing that South Africa is not alone in holding this position; many countries from both the Global North and South have expressed similar concerns about the situation in Gaza and the treatment of Palestinians. Our legal actions and diplomatic positions are rooted in norms of international law, reflecting longstanding multilateral principles. South Africa firmly believes that dialogue, diplomacy, and legitimate actions are effective ways to resolve international disputes, and we will always adhere to this principle. Observer Network: In February this year, South Africa passed the 2024 Expropriation Bill. At that time, Trump clearly opposed it and even signed an executive order, officially announcing the cessation of aid or support to South Africa. How do you evaluate this law, which is widely interpreted abroad as "confiscation of white-owned land," and what misunderstandings exist? Buthani Ngqaweni: The 2024 Expropriation Act is a carefully considered law that reflects South Africa's firm belief in resolving historical injustices (especially those related to land ownership) within its constitutional and legal framework. Contrary to alarmist claims, this law is not an arbitrary tool for land confiscation nor is it an attack on any specific racial group. This law clearly establishes the rule of law as the foundation for land reform: requiring land to be expropriated only in cases of public interest, with the entire process subject to strict legal supervision, proper procedures, and appropriate compensation where necessary. Such laws are not unique to South Africa; they resemble land expropriation laws in many countries, including the United States, which similarly allow relevant entities to expropriate private property for public use. It should be emphasized that this law applies not only to private property but also to broader land expropriation, including the transfer of state-owned land. During the legislative process, the government consulted extensively with stakeholders, including the private sector, to ensure that the law balances investor confidence and economic development. South Africa's land reform aims for "restorative justice" rather than retribution; the Expropriation Act is a legal tool that balances social equity and economic stability under responsible, orderly, and inclusive conditions. Observer Network: We noticed that Musk has always been a promoter of the "white genocide" narrative, repeatedly criticizing the South African government for "publicly promoting the genocide of whites in South Africa" and claiming that whites in South Africa are being slaughtered. Why does Musk promote the "white genocide" narrative in South Africa? Given that Musk was born in South Africa, how do you know about his relationship with South Africa? Buthani Ngqaweni: The "white genocide in South Africa" narrative promoted by Mr. Musk and others is regrettable and misleading. I am not in a position to comment on the details of Mr. Musk's personal grievances with South Africa, but it should be acknowledged that many people with a background in South Africa, including white South Africans, remember the history of apartheid and ethnic inequality. However, many of them have chosen honest reflection and actively participated in South Africa's ongoing reconciliation and transformation efforts. People recognizing the privileges of whites and contributing to social cohesion does not require "guilt" but rather a sense of "responsibility" and "unity." It is also worth noting that the South African delegation visiting the White House included prominent figures such as businessman John Rupert, highlighting the inclusive and constructive approach embraced by the South African government. Bridging historical divides and uniting the entire nation in advancing national construction is crucial for building a common future. South Africa is a society that is striving to overcome historical wounds with sincerity. Any voice based on facts, empathy, and a genuine commitment to progress can contribute positive energy to the country. Observer Network: During his meeting with Trump, President Ramaphosa discussed Tesla and tariffs, and Musk expressed his hope that Tesla could sell in South Africa. Considering the relationship between Trump and Musk, how do you think the South African government will respond in the next step? Buthani Ngqaweni: South Africa has established mature and strategically significant investment channels in trade and investment, particularly in collaborating with global innovators. The government is well aware of the importance of maintaining balanced and mutually beneficial trade relationships and is willing to cooperate with investors to promote economic growth, innovation, and job creation. Considering the outcomes of negotiations with all parties, including domestic industries and international partners, the country's trade policy must reflect existing international agreements and tariff structures within a broader framework. The South African government also fully understands the real pressures faced by different private investors and is committed to promoting investment in a transparent, fair, and globally compliant manner. It provides policies that ensure a level playing field, protect domestic industries, and encourage technology transfer and skills development. In response to comments from the Trump administration and Musk, South Africa will always be guided by national interests, long-term strategies, and respect for international norms, rather than responding based on personal relationships or overseas political dynamics. In short, South Africa welcomes partners who wish to invest in South Africa's development, respect regulatory frameworks, and are willing to collaborate in building a sustainable future. Observer Network: How does South Africa view Trump's global tariff war? What plans does the South African government have to address Trump's tariff issues? As one of the important countries in the Global South, will South Africa, like in the case of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the Russia-Ukraine issue, call for resistance against American tariff hegemony? Buthani Ngqaweni: In the current global trade environment, especially given the long-standing and deep economic ties with the United States, South Africa views Trump's tariff war with a pragmatic and rational attitude. As one of South Africa's largest trading partners, the United States plays a critical role in South Africa's export markets, investment flows, and broader economic connections. South Africa has always been committed to addressing the complex situations caused by changes in US tariffs and trade policies and strives to maintain and strengthen the stability of this partnership. The government is not unaware of the global impact of related events; unilateral tariff actions by the United States undoubtedly disrupt global trade, especially having a significant impact on developing economies. As an important voice in the Global South and a steadfast member of BRICS, South Africa firmly believes in a rules-based multilateral trade system and sees BRICS cooperation and other South-South cooperation frameworks as key platforms for achieving global representation balance and economic fairness. Our government believes that engaging in dialogue yields better results than confrontation. With this spirit, South Africa has recently proposed specific suggestions during high-level visits to the United States to explore common ground on tariff issues, ensuring that trade remains open, fair, and mutually beneficial. We optimistically expect these interactions to lead to rapid and constructive agreements. At the same time, it is worth emphasizing that South Africa does not view international trade through a competitive or confrontational mindset but rather as a platform for promoting common development. We aim to collaborate with all partners, including the United States, to build a more inclusive global trade system that benefits national development and global stability. Observer Network: Previously, Trump explicitly stated his opposition to the G20 summit to be held in South Africa in November. What do you think is the reason? What contingency plans does the South African government have for Trump's next move? Buthani Ngqaweni: It must be pointed out that the United States is one of the founding members of the G20, and its leadership is crucial to the relevance of this forum as a platform for global economic coordination. Regardless of the deeper motivations behind the US consideration to boycott the South African G20 summit, the South African government believes that the United States will handle this matter with a long-term perspective. After all, the G20 is an important platform for addressing common global challenges such as financial stability, climate change, public health, and development financing. As the host, South Africa is advancing preparations for the G20 summit with a constructive and forward-looking attitude. We are preparing for all possible emergencies, including potential issues with delegations. We remain open to any form of high-level dialogue with the US delegation. Most importantly, we hope that the spirit of multilateralism and continuity of the forum will be maintained during the transfer of the G20 presidency. Encouragingly, in recent consultations, President Trump has shown a pragmatic attitude on trade and investment issues and confirmed the dispatch of a delegation to the G20 summit. We believe this indicates that the United States remains committed to global cooperation, and despite internal divisions, the US still leaves room for practical engagement. Ultimately, we believe that the South African G20 summit will be an inclusive, influential, and widely participatory conference, whether measured by the content or the level of participation. An image with the URL "https://p26-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/TVhclbhBRMKeyG~tplv-tt-origin-web:gif.jpeg?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1749197953&x-signature=CLbQSLNEywIjkmHI%2BCyF151RjnU%3D" was inserted here. This article is an exclusive contribution from Observer Network. The content purely reflects the author's personal views and does not represent the platform's views. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited, and legal action will be taken if violated. Follow Observer Network on WeChat (ID: guanchacn) for daily interesting articles. Original source: https://www.toutiao.com/article/7510109782779396619/ Disclaimer: The views expressed in this article are solely those of the author and welcome your opinions in the 'thumbs up/thumbs down' buttons below.